Add Transparent Database Encryption (TDE) - All User Databases

Applying Transparent database encryption is one of the important tasks which we need to do across the enterprise level databases.

Below script will apply the encryption on all user databases in a particular instance. The certificate need to be created on all secondary databases in an Always-On environment.

USE [master]

--Create Master Key

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION
BY PASSWORD='Azdb_pRd@2017';

--Create Certificate  
 
CREATE CERTIFICATE AZ_TDE_PRD
WITH SUBJECT='AZ_TDE_ON_PRD';
GO

--Create Database Encryption Key on each user databases

DECLARE @sql varchar(2000),
        @dbname varchar(64)
  
DECLARE apply_tde CURSOR FOR
   SELECT d.name
   FROM  sys.databases d
   WHERE d.database_id >4

   OPEN apply_tde
       FETCH NEXT FROM apply_tde INTO @dbname
       WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS <> -1
       BEGIN

            SELECT @sql ='USE [@dbname]
            CREATE DATABASE ENCRYPTION KEY
            WITH ALGORITHM = AES_128
            ENCRYPTION BY SERVER CERTIFICATE AZ_TDE_PRD'

            SELECT @sql = REPLACE(@sql,'@dbname',@dbname)
            PRINT  'Encryption Started --'+@sql
            EXEC  (@sql)
        
            SELECT @sql = 'USE [master] ALTER DATABASE [@dbname] SET ENCRYPTION ON'
            SELECT @sql = REPLACE(@sql,'@dbname',@dbname)
            PRINT  'Encryption Finished --'+@sql
            EXEC  (@sql)

        FETCH NEXT FROM apply_tde into @dbname
        END
   CLOSE apply_tde
   DEALLOCATE apply_tde


BACKUP CERTIFICATE AZ_TDE_PRD
TO FILE = 'C:\temp\AZ_TDE_PRD'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (file='C:\temp\AZ_TDE_PRD_PVT',
ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD='Cer#Azdb_pRd@2017')

GO

SELECT
     DB_NAME(database_id) AS 'Database Name'
    ,create_date AS 'Create Date'
    ,set_date AS 'Set Date'
    ,(CASE
        WHEN Encryption_State='0' THEN 'No Database Encryption'
        WHEN Encryption_State='1' THEN 'Unencrypted'
        WHEN Encryption_State='2' THEN 'Encryption In Progress'
        WHEN Encryption_State='3' THEN 'Encrypted'
        WHEN Encryption_State='4' THEN 'Key Change In Progress'
        WHEN Encryption_State='5' THEN 'Decryption In Progress'
        WHEN Encryption_State='6' THEN 'Protection Change In Progress'
      END) AS 'Encryption State'
    ,key_algorithm AS 'Algorithm Used'
    ,key_length AS 'Key Length'
    ,encryptor_thumbprint AS 'Encryptor Thumbprint'
    ,percent_complete AS 'Percent Complete'
    ,encryptor_type AS 'Encryptor Type'
FROM sys.dm_database_encryption_keys
GO

After executing the above script, you need to copy the certificate to the secondary server in an always-on environment and create the certificate in a secondary server.  

This is also applicable if you are implementing the transparent database encryption in production and restoring it in test/development environment. 

CREATE CERTIFICATE AZ_TDE_PRD
FROM FILE='C:\temp\AZ_TDE_PRD'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (
FILE = 'C:\temp\AZ_TDE_PRD_PVT',
DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD='Cer#Azdb_pRd@2017')


References:

sys-dm-database-encryption-keys
transparent-data-encryption